Variations of the thermocline are very important in enso events, but measurements of subsurface ocean temperature. Confusing names for a complex oceanatmosphere interaction. These episodes alternate in an irregular interannual cycle called the enso cycle. This mostly regular event has a great effect on the peruvian anchovy industry, at one time, one of the most productive fisheries in the world. Iri international research institute for climate and. The enso cycle is a scientific term that describes the fluctuations in temperature between the ocean and atmosphere in the eastcentral equatorial pacific approximately between the international date line and 120 degrees west. Southern oscillation an overview sciencedirect topics. Soienso and their influence climatic research unit uea. Oscillation over the past 100 years can be seen in the strong inverse relationship between two commonly used.
Ongoing climate change is projected to significantly alter ensos dynamics and impacts. The instances explain that enso is a phenomenon that impacts the dynamics of the entire earth and controls some geophysical and environmental. It can be explained in neither strictly oceanographic nor strictly meteorological terms. Every two to five years the pacific ocean has this event. Southern oscillation is the accompanying atmospheric component, coupled with the sea. Traditionally, this index has been calculated based on the differences in. These can persist over several seasons and thereby produce severe regional effects.
Knowledge of ensos predictability and known impacts can benefit agriculture. This volume provides a brief history of the subject, summarizes the oceanographic and meteorological observations and theories, and discusses the recent. Additional perspectives and analysis are also available in an enso blog. That is to say, enso affects seasonal weather patterns around the world through the impact of. These warmer or cooler than normal ocean temperatures can affect weather patterns around the world by influencing high and low pressure systems, winds, and. Most of the information in this article is courtesy of climate.
These conditions are likely to persist during the winter of 20162017. The normal low pressure system is replaced by a weak high in the western pacific the southern oscillation. This change in pressure pattern causes the trade winds to be reduced. Enso especially impacts winter rainfall and temperature distribution. Ensoneutral is favored for the northern hemisphere summer 2020 60% chance. However, enso changes as the global climate warms up and it exhibits different characteristics and climate impacts in the 21 st century from. Forecasts are also updated monthly in the forecast forum of cpcs climate diagnostics bulletin. It can be explained neither in strictly oceanographic nor strictly meteorological terms. These pressure changes alter the strength of the trade winds.
626 1256 1598 1 1550 1473 135 889 907 1217 1250 323 1530 1266 1543 826 910 271 1040 823 1555 1375 965 903 988 745 672 611 1192 678 1039 944 217 1350 1023 1366 493 1156 460 358